Other Common Names: Amantilla, All-heal, Common Valerian,
European Valerian, Garden Heliotrope, Garden Valerian, Kediotu, Phu,
Seiyo-Kanoko-So, Setwall, Valeriana, Valeriana officinalis
Range: China; Europe; Germany; North Asia; Spain; Turkey
Habitat: Grassland, scrub, woods etc, on dry or damp soils. Avoids acid soils.
In medicine, the root of V. officinalis is intended when Valerian is
mentioned. It is supposed to be the Phu (an expression of aversion from
its offensive odour) of Dioscorides and Galen, by whom it is extolled
as an aromatic and diuretic.
It was afterwards found to be useful in certain kinds of epilepsy.
Valerian was first brought to notice as a specific for epilepsy by
Fabius Calumna in 1592, he having cured himself of the disease with it.
The plant was in such esteem in mediaeval times as a remedy, that it
received the name of All Heal, which is still given it in some parts of
the country.
It is said by some authors to have been named after Valerius, who
first used it in medicine; while others derive the name from the Latin
word valere (to be in health), on account of its medicinal qualities.
The word Valeriana is not found in the classical authors; we first meet
with it in the ninth or tenth century, at which period and for long
afterwards it was used as synonymous with Phu or Fu; Fu, id est
valeriana, we find it described in ancient medical works of that
period. The word Valerian occurs in the recipes of the Anglo Saxon
leeches (eleventh century). Valeriana, Amantilla and Fu are used as
synonymous in the Alphita, a mediaeval vocabulary of the important
medical school of Salernum. Saladinus of Ascoli (about 1450) directs
the collection in the month of August of radices fu, id est Valerianae.
Referring to the name Amantilla, by which it was known in the
fourteenth century, Professor Henslow quotes a curious recipe of that
period, a translation of which runs as follows: 'Men who begin to fight
and when you wish to stop them, give to them the juice of Amantilla id
est Valeriana and peace will be made immediately.' Theriacaria,
Marinella, Genicularis and Terdina are other old names by which
Valerian has been known in former days. Another old name met with in
Chaucer and other old writers is 'Setwall' or 'Setewale,' the
derivation of which is uncertain. Mediaeval herbalists also called the
plant 'Capon's Tail,' which has rather fantastically been explained as
a reference to its spreading head of whitish flowers.
Valerian is a well-known and frequently used medicinal herb that has
a long and proven history of efficacy. It has a remarkable influence on
the cerebro-spinal system, and is used as a sedative to the higher
nerve centres in conditions of nervous unrest, St. Vitus's dance,
hypochrondriasis, neuralgic pains and the like. It is noted especially
for its effect as a tranquilizer and nervine, particularly for those
people suffering from nervous overstrain. Valerian has been shown to
encourage sleep, improve sleep quality and reduce blod pressure. It is
also used internally in the treatment of painful menstruation, cramps,
hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome etc. It should not be prescribed
for patients with liver problems. Externally, it is used to treat
eczema, ulcers and minor injuries.
The root is antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, hypnotic,
powerfully nervine, sedative and stimulant. The active ingredients are
called valepotriates, research has confirmed that these have a calming
effect on agitated people, but are also a stimulant in cases of
fatigue. The roots of 2 year old plants are harvested in the autumn
once the leaves have died down and are used fresh or dried. The fresh
root is about 3 times as effective as roots dried at 40? (the report
does not specify if this is centrigrade or fahrenheit), whilst
temperatures above 82? destroy the active principle in the root. Use
with caution, see the notes on toxicity.
An essential oil from the leaves and root is used as a flavoring in
ice cream, baked goods, condiments etc. It is especially important in
apple flavors.
Valerian has an effect on the nervous system of many animals,
especially cats, which seem to be thrown into a kind of intoxication by
its scent. It is scarcely possible to keep a plant of Valerian in a
garden after the leaves or root have been bruised or disturbed in any
way, for cats are at once attracted and roll on the unfortunate plant.
Known Hazards: It is said that prolonged medicinal use of
this plant can lead to addiction. A course of treatment should not
exceed 3 months. Valerian should not be taken with alcohol.
- Chevallier. A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants Dorling Kindersley. London 1996 ISBN 9-780751-303148
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