This is a syphilis infection caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.
Primary Syphilis Causes
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted contagious disease. The bacterium causing this infection gains access into any break in the mucus membranes or skin, normally around the genitals. It is mostly transmitted thru unprotected sexual contact, but it also may be passed on in added ways.
Since individuals often are ignorant about being infected with syphilis, there are many states which need tests for syphilis prior to a marriage license is issued. All pregnant women who obtain prenatal care are normally tested for syphilis to stop the infection from being passed from the mother to the newborn baby – which is called congenital syphilis.
Stages
There are three stages of syphilis:
- Primary syphilis
- Secondary syphilis
- Tertiary syphilis
The later stages of syphilis as well as congenital syphilis are normally not seen too frequently in the United States as they were in past times. This is almost certainly because of the accessibility of free, government-run sexually transmitted disease clinics, tests for screening for syphilis, education which is public about STDs, as well as screening during prenatal exams.
Primary Syphilis Symptoms
Syphilis often does not have symptoms in the early stages. However, when left not treated, it will advance to involve the complete body.
Typically, syphilis has 3 stages with diverse symptoms in every one.
Primary Syphilis
Symptoms of this primary stage of this infection usually develop ten days to three months after sexual encounter with a person who is infected. Usually a red, painless sore labeled a chancre will develop on the genitals or in the region where the infection has occurred. Lymphatic nodes enlarge – swollen gland – and also will be there in the area. Depending on the kind of sexual contact, a chancre could also grow on the mouth or even in the area of the rectum. Chancres are the main way that the syphilis is passed on among individuals but they are normally not recognized. Even with no medical treatment, the chancres can cure after three to six weeks. Nevertheless if the illness is not treated, this disease will develop to the 2nd stage.
Secondary Syphilis
The second stage normally starts weeks to months after the chancre sore become visible. The bacterium of syphilis enters the blood as well as extends thru out the body, and causes a plethora of diverse symptoms, for instances:
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- Small red rash
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Weight loss
- Joint pain
- Enlarged lymphatic nodes
- Muscle aches
- Generally ill feeling
This rash of second stage of syphilis can grow on any area of the body, including the soles as well as the palms of the hand. White or gray wart-like patches of skin called condylomata may develop on the moist regions around the anus, around the mouth as well as vagina. This rash is very contagious and full of bacteria. These symptoms will ultimately go away. But at this stage, syphilis may begin to affect the kidneys, liver as well as the eyes, or can cause meningitis. These symptoms of this stage of syphilis will go away but without any treatment, the infection will proceed to the 3rd stage. This is correct even when an individual who is infected does not have signs of any stage of syphilis.
Late or Tertiary Syphilis
After the 2nd stage, individuals who have not had any treatment will progress to the 3rd or latent stage, where they have no symptoms but are still infected. Many of them go on to develop symptoms of late stage syphilis, which may develop several years later as well as can injure the large blood vessels, eyes, bones, heart as well as the central nervous system. This is known as neurosyphilis.
Symptoms of the later stage of syphilis can include:
- Memory loss
- Problems with mental function
- Bladder control
- Vision
- Impotence
- Loss of feeling in the legs
Primary Syphilis Treatment
Syphilis may be treated with antibiotics for instance penicillin G benzathine, doxycycline, or tetracycline. The length of treatment will depend on the degree of the syphilis as well as factors such as the individual patient’s health overall.
Several hours after receiving the treatment for this early stage, individuals can experience Jarish-Herxheimer reaction, which is normally a result of an immune reaction to the broken down products of the infections.
Symptoms of this reaction can include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Headache
- Malaise
- Muscle aches
- Nausea
- Joint aches
These symptoms normally disappear within 24 hours.
Follow-up blood test need to be done at 3, 6, 12 as well as 24 mouths to make sure that the infection is gone. Avoid any sexual contact when the chancre is present as well as use condoms until at least 2 follow-up tests have indicated that the infection has been cured.
