Showing posts with label Alzheimer's Association. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Alzheimer's Association. Show all posts

Tuesday, June 24, 2014

Prevent Alzheimer's Disease

Prevent Alzheimer's Disease
Research has proved that there are various factors which may help in preventing the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia with gradual loss of normal mental functions and severe changes in the personality and emotions.



Scientists have found out that the protein in the brain, called as Prions, have an excellent effect on the brain and can prevent the formation or building up and accumulation of plaque which causes Alzheimer's disease. Professor Nigel Hooper of the Leeds University has come up with this claim after a lot of research and his studies were funded by the Medical Research Council Funds.



Beta Amyloid is a dangerous kind of protein which attaches to other proteins and causes formation of plaques. These plaques then start accumulating on the brain and finally lead to Alzheimer's disease.



Prions are the helpful and normal proteins found in the brain. These Prions get attached to the Beta Amyloid and thus prevent the formation of any dangerous plaque. This Prion-Beta amyloid combination is then excreted out of the body, without any further damage or loss to the body.



Another brain disorder called Creutzfeldt-Jacob variant disorder also causes corruption or pollution of the normal prions in the brain. These normal prions are called as PrionProtein or PrPc and when they get corrupted they lead to this vCJD, or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. That proves that there is a definite link between the normal functioning of these prions or PrPc and normal brain health.



Also it has been found that when the PrPc levels are quite high, the Beta Amyloid protein is renderd useless and incompetent to produce Alzheimer's disease. The exact mechanism by which these PrPc protects the brain is by secreting a chemical which in turn acts on the enzyme beta-secretase found in the amyloid cells and inhibits the break down of the cells. This break down is necessary to be prevented as the tiny broken up pieces will later on accumulate to form the plaques and finalyy cause Alzheimer's disease.



Another point of verification of the protective role of the PrPc prions is proved by the fact that when these proteins are corrupted, or there is a mutant defect in them, they are rendered useless and is incapable of preventing Amyloid cell break down.



Further studies conducted on laboratory animals, like mice have proved that addition of the extract of the seeds of grape fruit can actually help in preventing Alzheimer's disease. This is due to the effect of certain chemicals found in the seed extract which prevents breakdown of the amyloid cells.






History Of Alzheimer's Disease

History Of Alzheimer's Disease
Every day, every minute, experts in the health care fraternity and scientists are learning something new about the Alzheimer's disease. The impetus of research is growing, fuelling excitement and moving scientists a step closer to clearly comprehending the causes of Alzheimer's. Majority, if not all, of today's clinical discoveries are the outcome of basic science that has been researched and funded for several decades by the Alzheimer's Association.



Progressive mental deterioration in old age has been described and recognized ever since time immemorial. This is because elderly people suffer from different forms of senility, but it wasn't until the year 1906 when the disease was formally identified as an independent entity with its own characteristic symptoms and pathology. In 1901, Auguste D, a 51-year old woman, was admitted to the state asylum in Frankfurt suffering from language and cognitive deficits, delusions, auditory hallucinations, aggressive behavior, and paranoia.



Alois Alzheimer, who was a doctor at that hospital at the time, tended to the patient and by the time of her death in 1906, he had already moved to Munich medical school in 1903 to partner with Emil Kraepelin - who was one of the leading German psychiatrists at the time. The hospital in Frankfurt sent Alois the brain of the woman for examination upon which he studied the brain cell abnormalities and a year later, published his talk after presenting the woman's case at a psychiatry meeting.



Alzheimer's disease was given the name by Kraepelin, who named it after Alois Alzheimer, a name still used to refer to this common cause of senile dementia today. When Alois presented his original case of Auguste's cognitive and non-cognitive deficits, he reported that when doing post-mortem, he discovered tangles, plagues and arteriosclerotic changes in the deceased.



Ever since its discovery over 100 years ago, there have been many breakthroughs in the research of AD. During the 60s, scientists discovered a connection between cognitive decline and the amount of tangles and plagues in the brain. During the 70s, scientists made notable strides in comprehending the human body, where AD emerged as a significant scope of study.



As time goes by, and as technology advances, research methods too have advance where specific genes related to the early and late onset types of Alzheimer's have been identified. Because the genetic risk factors cannot single-handedly explain the cause of AD, researchers are exploring also the lifestyle and environment of patients to learn the role they are likely to play in the development of AD.






Monday, June 23, 2014

End Stage Alzheimer's Disease

End Stage Alzheimer's Disease
In the case that people living with end-stage dementia that is usually caused by Alzheimer's disease develop pneumonia or fracturing a hip, 50% will die within 6 months. Just like cancer, end stage Alzheimer's disease is a terminal illness and therefore usually palliative care and comfort to the patient is advocated in place of having the patient endure invasive treatments and testing in the case that they have received poor prognosis. In most cases, a patient that has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's can live to almost 8-20 years before reaching the end stage Alzheimer's disease



Owing to the fact that a person with end stage Alzheimer's disease is mentally incapable of making any decisions, then treatment should ultimately be left to the caregiver or a loved person of the patient. End stage Alzheimer's disease is always characterized by the inability of the patient to recognize family members, perform daily tasks or lack of communication. Repeated infections and other complications are very common in people suffering from end stage Alzheimer's disease. Always, in its final phases, the patient will require a 24hrs a day and 7 days a week attention.



However, the illness usually varies from across individuals but the illness cause is definite and progresses mostly from the first stage to death for all patients of Alzheimer's. Despite the fact that there is no cure for the disease, there are treatments that can surely slow down the disease. The brain is totally destroyed in the final stages of the disease and therefore performing the normal functions becomes a dear problem. Usually, Alzheimer's disease will cause the death of the patient even if other diseases do not do so.



It is important to note that it is beyond the inability of most unprofessional caregivers to afford the needed care to a patient suffering from end stage Alzheimer's disease. Lack of communication on their needs and mostly failure to respond to questions or indicate their discomfort is the most critical stage in a person suffering from the end stage Alzheimer's disease and therefore this is always the main reason they need help with basic day- to-day living requirements.



It may be at the end stage Alzheimer's disease that outside help will be needed and this is where the patient can be placed in a facility specifically designed for the end-of-life-care. Usually, this is done for the benefit of the family members and the patient.






Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease
What is Alzheimer's disease? What are the early onset signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease? These are questions that many people who have love ones with this neurologic disorder ask their health care provider. Alzheimer's disease, aka primary degenerative dementia, accounts for nearly half of all dementia cases in the United States. This disease, however, isn't only restrictive to the elderly population. About 1% to 10% of causes for Alzheimer's disease occurs in the middle age years. However, because Alzheimer's disease is progressive, the prognosis for patients with this disease is extremely poor.



Now, the early onset signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are insidious at best. The patient with this neurological disorder generally undergoes imperceptible changes. Some of these changes are recent memory loss, forgetfulness, difficulty learning, difficulty in remembering new information, and a worsening in personal hygiene and appearance, and an incapacity to concentrate.



When that happens, gradually any task that required abstract thinking and any activities that may require judgment will become more and more difficult for the person to do. This will soon result in progressive difficulty for the person to communicate, and they will have relentless deterioration in memory, speech, and motor functions. The lost of motor functions will result in a loss of dexterity and an inability to write or speak. During these signs and symptoms, the person with Alzheimer's disease will show odd personality changes. Some of these personality changes are restlessness and irritability. Experiencing nocturnal awakening is common with Alzheimer's disease also.



If Alzheimer's disease is detected early then that patient can be treated. The treatment therapy consists of numerous cerebral vasodilators such as ergoloid mesylates, isoxuprine, and cyclandelate. These drugs are used to help enhance the brain's circulation. Other drugs that may be given to an Alzheimer's disease patient are antidepressants because if an Alzheimer's patient has severe depression it will exacerbate the patient's dementia. Another drug used to treat Alzheimer's is Tacrine. Tacrine which is a centrally-acting anticholinesterase agent that is only used to treat memory deficits caused by Alzheimer's disease.



In conclusion, it is very important to learn and understand the early onset of Alzheimer's disease because millions of people are diagnosed with this disease too late. If a person and/or their family members are watchful, then they can get treatment for Alzheimer's disease early on. This is important because those who get treatment earlier for Alzheimer's disease have better results over time.






Alzheimer's Disease Statistics

Alzheimer's Disease Statistics
As the baby boomers in North America approach their sixties, the disease that they fear most is Alzheimer's disease. The risk of getting it increases dramatically once people approach their 60th birthday.



The prevalence rate of this disease can best be understood through analyses of statistics that have been prepared and made available to the public by various North American health institutions.



In the year 1966, 21,166 deaths relating to Alzheimer's diseases were reported in USA according to US Government Statistics. According to the same statistics, this disease was ranked in the 14th position as a cause of deaths in the country. It is estimated that the annual cost of lost wages and health care for caregivers amounts to between $80 and $100 billion.



The 1994th edition of American Journal of Public Health reported that US businesses spend about $61 in an effort to deal with problems relating to the Alzheimer's disease. This shows that this disease should not be underrated and it is the high time more funds were directed into research institutions that specialize in this medical specialty.





According to Alzheimer's Association, 2004, the US government had set aside $640 million for research directly related to this disease. Previously, in 1998, the Canadian Medical Association had reported that the government had spent $9,451 for every individual who was diagnosed with a mild case of the Alzheimer's disease.



An in-depth analysis of these Alzheimer's disease statistics will reveal that the disease poses a real threat to the economic future of many nations. Figures provided by Hospital Episode Statistics in the English Department of Health shows that 78% of all the people seeking Alzheimer's consultation required to be hospitalized in England between 2002 and 2003. In the same year, 53% of all cases of this disease required emergency medical attention in England.



Statistics have it all; the problem of Alzheimer's disease is real and the earlier researchers came up with a new approach of treating it, the better. Patients with this disease tend to spend more time in hospital beds than in the case with many other diseases. Moreover, people with the Alzheimer's tend to suffer from other health problems mainly due to old age.



Many researches are being done with a view to determine the average hospital bed days for a whole year in different states. A comparison needs to be made between these figures and average number of annual hospital consultation episodes. The findings of such a research will be very helpful in coming up with management program for the disease.






Alzheimer's Disease Stages

Alzheimer's Disease Stages
Alzheimer's disease is generally a familiar form of dementia, a severe brain disorder that has a major impact on the memory loss and thought process. Alzheimer's is a gradual deterioration disease, starting from the lack of memory to extensive neurological injury and eventually may cause death. Chemical and physical changes of the brain steadily destroy the capability to fashion, retain information, study, cause, and relate to others. As essential cells start dying, extreme personality loss occurs and leads body to a systems failure. Most senior citizens mainly of 65 years face the phase forgetfulness that is just not convenient and usually involves insignificant information. Conditions like eccentric and senile can cover worries of Alzheimer's disease, while other circumstances may in fact be causing mental demur.



Starting mild effects of the first stage Alzheimer's disease patient's persistent recent memory is lost, mainly of latest negotiations and dealings. In the contrary he may ask questions repeatedly, and finds difficult to understand his own language with an inability to express his problems. Writing and other daily activities become difficult. Depression and lack of concern can occur. Extreme behavioural changes may come with functional turn down. Continual reminders are required for a daily routine, and with an impact of a series of difficulties driving early in this stage.



II stage: Alzheimer's disease patients in this stage are unable resolve their own problems. Minor level of forgetfulness is the first sign commonly observed by its relatives. And the recent past events cannot be recollected and hence the patient forgets the where they have left their personal positions and to where they at moment really are. He forgets to put off important things like electric lights and switches and most vitally the gas taps are left open. He misses appointment, forgets the names of newly introduced, and especially those of near ones as well. Hunting of an address in a new place is the major hurdle for them.



III stage: Declination is aggravated in personal behaviour and social awareness. He act rude, in tactful, doesn't show any feelings, this insensitive and uninhibited behaviour drives him bad to worst that is aggressive actions, sexual indiscretions and failing to obey the laws. Patients are expected to sit calmly for hours and hours without responding to any form of useful activity.



IV stage: Emotional mood changes may be prominent during the early stages and causes some difficulty in differentiating dementia from affective disorders. They appear to depend on some degree of insight into failing intellectual powers.






Alzheimer's Disease Research

Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal brain disorder named after the German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906. Dr Alzheimer was presented with a patient who was suffering from memory loss and difficulty speaking; before any diagnosis was made she died. With the permission of the family Dr. Alzheimer performed an autopsy on her brain and found a dramatic shrinkage and widespread fatty deposits in small blood vessels, dead and dying brain cells as well. He then published his finding and the disease was named after him



Since then there are several efforts being made to research the cause and sure behind Alzheimer's disease. Research is the only way to find a cure for Alzheimer's and to helping the millions already affected by this devastating disease, and those who are being affected each year. The disease is known to double each year



There is several Alzheimer's research centers setup all over the world. These clinics and researchers in the Centers have made major contributions to gain knowledge about the basic biology and clinical presentation of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of such research centers are to accelerate the discovery of new treatment and to make the effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease a reality.



These centers do use individuals who suffer from Alzheimer's disease for evaluation purposes. These centers then research the behavior of normal individuals, individuals with slight memory problems and individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.



The research centers not only use the patients as subjects but they offer a lot of valuable insight into Alzheimer's disease, educate family members of the disease and delay and treat mild cases of memory loss and dementia.



Alzheimer's disease research clinics are focused on establishing the following,



Conduct research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of Alzheimer's disease



Identify the risk factor



Identify the biological process associated with the disease



Identify and determine brain changes before the actual symptoms show



Develop new and effective treatment



Prevention of the disease



Act as a local and national resource by providing research subjects, data, and materials to researchers in Alzheimer's disease and other brain related disease and abnormalities



Provide the state of the art resources to qualified clinicians and researchers, to assist them with the research process



Inform and educate professionals and the community regarding Alzheimer's disease



Provide and encourage families to cope with their loved ones suffering from Alzheimer's disease



Therefore it is important to fund the research that is carried out today in the hope that future generations might be spared of Alzheimer's disease or better yet that the disease can be cured.






Alzheimer's Disease Management.

Alzheimer's Disease Management.
Research indicates that in Alzheimer's disease management, caregivers are often at increased risk of stress and depression, particularly if they do not have adequate support from family, friends and the society in general. It is important for these caregivers to allow themselves enough rest and relaxation.



Given the nature of the condition, Alzheimer's disease management can be no mean task. Many caregivers find it necessary to employ strategies that enable them to deal with patients' difficult behaviors and stressful situations they have to go through. Below are some suggestions on how to best cope with the management of the disease.



The individual with the disease should be kept out of reach of anything that could pose danger to him. Such things may include matches, knives and so on. The surrounding environment should be kept as safe as possible, especially for the patient. In Alzheimer's disease management, it is helpful to ensure that the patient is engaged. The patient can be engaged in simple and routine activities such as setting the table at meal times or cleaning chores.



Granted, communicating with an Alzheimer's disease patient can sometimes be quite a challenge. Understanding him may be difficult, and being understood can also be a challenge. It is therefore advisable to choose short sentences and simple words. At the same time, it is beneficial to use a calm, gentle tone when communicating to the patient. Alternatively, one can just avoid talking to the patient. Other strategies of communication in Alzheimer's disease management may include allowing the patient enough time for responding and giving feedback and not interrupting, calling the person by name to get his attention when talking to him, and minimizing interfering noise that can distract the conversation. If the person is struggling to find a word, effective Alzheimer's disease management would mean gently trying to provide the word.



The other strategy in Alzheimer's disease management is maintaining familiar mealtime routines, being patient at meal times and giving the patient choices of food. The choices should not be too many though. Also, meals should be served in small portions and several times throughout the day. The caregiver should however be careful to avoid overeating.



Similarly, in Alzheimer's disease management, it is important for the caregiver to find activities that the person can do and is interested in. If there is need, the caregiver should offer support to the person.






Alzheimer's Disease Facts

Alzheimer's Disease Facts
As you learn the Alzheimer's disease facts, you might want to know that it might affect a person closer to your own life. Historically, the condition was first discovered in German by a physician known as Alois Alzheimer, a person who was able to easily chronicle a typical strange condition that had some very terrible effects in a human brain back in 1906. What is important in the line of this condition is to understand it in its entirety, so that you can make the right decision towards changing all the things you might have never known you could, mostly when dealing with an individual having Alzheimer's.



The disease is a mental disorder commonly known as dementia. It is a brain condition that does hamper seriously your brain's ability towards processing a normal or rational thought that inhibits your daily activities as a result. With Alzheimer's therefore, you have the part of your brain that deals with language, memory or thoughts affected badly. It is one of the most leading death causes in all America. After you have the disease, you will have problems with your memory, learning inability, ability to function rather routinely as desired and difficult in making any rational decisions.



The disease does rob many people, mostly in their millions every year their personalities, memories as well as the ability to be able to complete a daily activity. For some time in the history of the disease, there was the belief there was nothing much that could be carried out towards preventing this condition, such that it was a diseases that many were awaiting after reaching golden years. Nonetheless, novel research has suggested that you can be able to prevent yourself from cases of Alzheimer's disease.



The distinct sign and hallmark of Alzheimer's is memory loss. It generally means that those individuals who are over 65 years starts being concerned with the disease after they have started to wield cases of forgetfulness. Forgetfulness might be a herald of Alzheimer's but there are other myriad causes. It is the reason you must learn all that you can about Alzheimer's through the clear signs it gives that you can use a basis of seeking Alzheimer therapy. Taking a test of Alzheimer's will be a distinct plus so that you can ensure you are not only going through a usual case of memory loss that is largely associated with aging individuals. The disease can even send a person into fits of screams and make them delirious.






Alzheimer's Disease Articles

Alzheimer's Disease Articles
If a loved one has ever fallen victim to Alzheimer's disease, then you might have read so many articles on Alzheimer's disease management already. Sometimes, reading too many authors and materials can end up being confusing rather that informative. This article will try to summarize the essential points of knowledge that the entire good articles on Alzheimer's disease management try to pass across.



Basically, Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder of the brain disorder. Once the disorder takes root, it relentlessly and progressively destroys the patient's ability to learn new things, to make judgments, to communicate and to remember. The ability to carry out the normal tasks diminishes with time until such times as the memory becomes extinct. Currently, there is no medical cure for Alzheimer's disease.



It is good if the Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed early rather that while in late stages of development. Some ten early symptoms of the disorder entirely which act as the basic warning signs include:



a) Memory loss



b) Misplacing items



c) Confusion, fear, suspicion



d) Language problems



e) Difficulty performing familiar tasks



f) Poor judgment



g) Mood or behavior changes



h) Loss of initiative



i) Becoming disoriented



j) Problems with complex mental tasks



An Alzheimer's patient feels like he or she is losing their mind, mostly as a result of the combination of these symptoms. The combination yields general communication problems, strenuous thinking ability, low reasoning, difficulty in comparing and difficulty in learning new skills or even re-learning the old skills. Alzheimer's disease should be differentiated from the memory loss most people experience with old age. For Alzheimer's the memory loss is significantly greater and frequent besides being accompanied by the other symptoms noted above.



The Alzheimer's disease is not contagious. With proper care, a patient's can have a quality life with those that he or she loves most. Even without cure, offering effective care and critical moral support helps prevent the depression, confusion and self-loath that pushes most patients to worse off mental afflictions.



Although it will seem the best thing to do, the relatives, friends and family of the patient should never isolation the Alzheimer's patient. It is necessary that all of you be available to the patient offering compassionate care, relevant attention and disease management treatment. Never let the patient feel cursed, silly, inept or bothersome. It is quality care, company and attention that makes a patient face the great burden of carrying the Alzheimer condition courageously.