Sleeping Sickness In medical terms, sleeping sickness is called as “African Trypanosomiasis” which is caused by parasites that is distributed by tsetse fly. This disease is currently restricted to rural African regions and some areas of Saharan Africa. Each year, more than 10,000 fresh cases are being reported by World Health Organization and it is considered that more numbers go unnoticed. Sleeping sickness can be treated by medications.
How it is contracted?
A person will get infected with African trypanosomiasis when he is bitten by tsetse fly that carries the parasite by name Trypanosoma brucei. In some cases, the infection received from the fly can be transmitted to the baby by pregnant mother and by way of blood transfusion. Two types of trypanosomiasis are being recognized namely East African and West African trypanosomiasis.
Causes :
Sleeping sickness is caused by parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Tsetse flies are considered to be the carriers of these parasites and the person gets infected by the parasite when being bitten by tsetse flies.
Who are at risk?
People living in the regions of Central Africa and those who are frequently traveling to affected countries are prone to get this infection. Tsetse fly lives in the restricted areas of Africa and infects only selected population. Tsetse fly is abundant in the woodland and savannah regions of Africa. Hence tourists and hunters who are visiting that area are prone to get infection when bitten by tsetse fly. It is advised that visitors should not spend more time in the thick bushes and river-side since they have chance of getting bitten many times.
Symptoms :
There is an incubation period for the parasite which is the interval between the bite of tsetse fly and the initial onset of symptoms. It can be anywhere from 1-4 weeks when the person is infected with East African trypanosomiasis and it can take months together for a person who is infected with West African trypanosomiasis. The symptoms of sleeping sickness include fever (mild to moderate), anxiety, dizziness, headache, loss of quality sleep, mood swings, feeling overly sleepy, excess of sweating, and fatigue. For many people the place (spot) where the fly bites will become red and swollen and may cause pain due to the formation of sores.
Once the disease progresses, it can cause serious symptoms like confusion of thoughts, changes in personality, slurred speech, epilepsy, and difficulty in walking. This occurs when the central nervous system gets affected. At this stage, the person should receive treatment immediately, failing which it can become fatal causing death.
When to see the doctor?
If you think you are infected with African trypanosomiasis or bitten by tsetse fly, having some of the symptoms above, you need to consult your doctor without any delay.
Diagnoses :
Your doctor will inspect the bitten area of the skin checking for painful sores or swollen lymph nodes. He would order for blood tests, skin biopsy and biopsy of the tissue from spinal cord. He will collect the fluid sample from the lymph nodes (known as lymph nodes aspiration) that become swollen due to infection. Once cerebrospinal fluid is collected, the lab technician would check for specific IgM level for confirming the presence of parasite.
Treatment :
The method of treatment varies with individuals depending on the intensity of the symptoms. Treatment should begin immediately if the symptoms are severe and medical reports confirm the diagnoses. Medications like Eflornithine, Pentamidine, Melarsoprol and Suramin are prescribed for treating sleeping sickness. Many patients will be hospitalized and put on IV fluids for arresting the growth of parasite inside the body. Follow up care and testing of spinal tap is necessary for at least 2 years if the diagnosis is confirmed. The infected person will not become immune to the parasite and hence he/she has every chance of getting infected again.
Prevention :
At present, no vaccination is available to prevent sleeping sickness. You can follow some of the preventive tips to avoid getting bitten by tsetse flies. You can avoid traveling to areas which are abundant with these insects. Use insect repellant creams liberally, wear long sleeved clothing that is thick. Do not use bright colored clothing since flies are attracted with dark/bright colors. In case you are sleeping in that area, use fool-proof netting. Avoid visiting bushy areas.
What happens when you are not treated?
Sleeping sickness can cause death due to cardiac arrest within 6 months, if the person is not taking treatment. The parasite will spread throughout the body releasing more of toxins causing heavy sleep and damage to the nervous system. The infected person may go into coma and eventually die.
Showing posts with label When to See the Doctor?. Show all posts
Showing posts with label When to See the Doctor?. Show all posts
Tuesday, April 1, 2014
Sunday, October 13, 2013
Tinea Versicolor – Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Natural Treatment
Tinea Versicolor – Pictures, Symptoms, Causes, Natural Treatment
This is a fairly common infection of the skin caused by a fungal infection. It is also sometimes referred to pityriasis versicolor. This fungus hinders the normal pigmentation of the skin which results in discolored, small patches. These areas may be mildly itchy or flaky. The many spots which are small can blend into much larger patchy areas, normally on the oily areas of the upper body for instance the back or chest. These spots may be either darker or lighter than the surrounding skin around them.
Tinea versicolor is most frequent in young adults as well as teens. This is because these are the ages when individuals have the most problems with oily skin. Sun exposure can also make tinea versicolor more evident. This condition does not spread from person to person.
Antifungal creams, shampoos or lotions may help treat tinea versicolor. But even when there is successful treatment, the skin color can remain uneven for many weeks until the repigmentation occurs and tinea versicolor may return, especially in humid, warm weather.
The symptoms of this condition include flat, round, small, or oval spots that can given time, form patches.
During the summer especially in mild climates, these spots can be very noticeable since they do not tan with the rest of the skin. During the winter, these spots can seem to go away as the summer tan fades as well as becoming less obvious.
The symptoms and signs of this condition include:
Even though this discoloration can be very apparent on skin which is dark, the infection may affect anyone regardless of skin color. Each person’s spots are normally just one color. The spotted skin can be scaly. Although it is not common, the skin can be itchy, especially when it is hot.
This fungal infection is most common in humid, warm temperatures, and normally affects the:
Other things which can increase the chance of getting tinea versicolor include:
An individual should see the doctor if:
Your physician can usually tell if you have tinea versicolor just by examining the spots. She or he can look at a sample or scraping of the skin which is infected under a microscope.
Healthy skin may normally have this fungus which causes this disorder growing in areas where hair follicles are opening onto the skin’s surface. Tinea versicolor normally occurs when this fungus for some reason becomes overgrown. There are numerous factors which can trigger this overgrowth, including:
This infection is usually easy to treat with skin creams, solutions or shampoos. But not everyone chooses to get treatment.
If this infection is severe or if it covers very large areas of the body, does not get better with skin care or returns often, your primary care physician can prescribe pills which are antifungal. These antifungal pills may not be taken by some individuals, especially those with heart or liver conditions. You can get your blood tested so that your physician can make certain that your liver or kidneys are functioning properly.
Some medications used for tinea versicolor treatment include:
http://www.Symptoms-Causes-treatment.blogspot.com detect diseases at an early stage symptoms, and find out the causes and treatments best suited.
Topical
Oral
Even if the treatment is successful, the skin color can remain uneven for many weeks, or even months. And, the condition can return when the weather gets humid or warm. In really persistent cases, there is the possibility that the individual will need to take medication once or twice a month to prevent the fungal infection from returning.
For cases of tinea versicolor which are very mild, an individual can apply OTC or over the counter antifungal lotion, ointment, shampoo or cream. The majority of fungal infections respond well to topical agents, which include:
Wash and dry the area which is affected. Then, apply a very thin layer of the topical agent once or twice a day for at the least – 2 weeks. If you are using the shampoo, leave it in for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing it out. If there is no improvement after 4 weeks, see your primary care physician as you may need stronger medication.
There also are quite a few natural treatments for tinea versicolor that can be prepared at home. These treatments for tinea versicolor are particularly gentle and also well help to revitalize the skin. It has been suggested that several of these be used as a regular skin program.
You may make a body scrub which is homemade by grinding lightly about a handful of rice which is unpolished so that will create flour which is coarse. You then add several spoons of tomato juice which is fresh to this flour until a paste is made. Shower as normal and then use this special paste to apply all over the areas of the skin which are affected. Leave the paste to stay on the skin for 5 minutes and massage gently into the skin. Because tomato juice is acidic it prevents the fungus from spreading. The flour from the rice contains many nutrients which are considered important for healthy skin and since it is also coarse it serves as an exfoliating agent. You can also apply vinegar made from apple cider as this vinegar is also acidic and provides an environment which is hostile for fungus to grow and therefore aids in controlling the spreading of the condition. While treating this condition using home treatments, it is very significant that you remember it will probably take some time for the skin top to recover its unique color.
Oil from a tea tree is an extremely powerful fungicide and there are quite a few “tea tree oil” treatments which you may use to care for this condition. It’s essential to dilute this “tea tree oil” with carrier oil prior to using it since “tea tree oil” is vital oil and has extremely sturdy natural composites. You should mix identical quantities of sweet almond oil, tea tree oil as well as olive oil and use the blend of oils following a shower rather than a moisturizing cream.
Evade using oily products or oil on the skin or wear restrictive, tight or clothes which are non-ventilating. Exposure to the sun will make the infection more evident.
To help to avert tinea versicolor from reoccurring, your primary care physician may prescribe an oral or topical treatment which can be taken 1 or 2 times a month. Other treatments for prevention include:
Tanning will cause the condition to become more obvious as it should be avoided so that the change in color of the skin will be less obvious.
Some physicians believe fungi can remain in clothing and can cause this infection to return. Normal cleaning and washing is usually effective in ridding the clothes of the fungi. But if the tinea versicolor is persistent, it is possible that you need to dry-clean the clothes or wash them in extremely hot water.
It is also believe that eating a healthy and balanced diet will also help to avert the returning of tinea versicolor. This diet contains foods which are very fresh and it is best to steer clear of foods which are processed as much as possible. Junk foods as well as fried foods can exacerbate these skin problems and so it is best to pass up them totally until the skin has healed totally.
This diet should also include raw vegetables, raw fruits as well as whole grains. This reinforces the immune structure by containing antioxidants. Excellent sources of antioxidants include tomatoes, citrus fruits as well as grapes. These foods also are rich in many vitamins.
Also include fermented lactic acid food such as yogurt as it has acidophilus which aids in keeping bacteria levels in balance and also aids in preventing infections to spread.
This diet should also avoid white flour as well as sugar. Pastries as well as cakes need to be completely avoided. Garlic is good for antifungal agent.
Pictures of Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Versicolor on arms
Tinea Versicolor on back
on chest
on face
Tinea Versicolor on neck
on Scalp
on shoulders
What is Tinea Versicolor?
This is a fairly common infection of the skin caused by a fungal infection. It is also sometimes referred to pityriasis versicolor. This fungus hinders the normal pigmentation of the skin which results in discolored, small patches. These areas may be mildly itchy or flaky. The many spots which are small can blend into much larger patchy areas, normally on the oily areas of the upper body for instance the back or chest. These spots may be either darker or lighter than the surrounding skin around them.
Tinea versicolor is most frequent in young adults as well as teens. This is because these are the ages when individuals have the most problems with oily skin. Sun exposure can also make tinea versicolor more evident. This condition does not spread from person to person.
Antifungal creams, shampoos or lotions may help treat tinea versicolor. But even when there is successful treatment, the skin color can remain uneven for many weeks until the repigmentation occurs and tinea versicolor may return, especially in humid, warm weather.
Tinea Versicolor Symptoms
The symptoms of this condition include flat, round, small, or oval spots that can given time, form patches.
During the summer especially in mild climates, these spots can be very noticeable since they do not tan with the rest of the skin. During the winter, these spots can seem to go away as the summer tan fades as well as becoming less obvious.
The symptoms and signs of this condition include:
- Scaly, small patches of skin which is discolored
- Patches which slowly grow
- Patches which have a tendency to become more obvious after exposure to the sun
- Mild itching is possible
- Patches may be various colors, including: White, Pink, Tan and Dark brown
Even though this discoloration can be very apparent on skin which is dark, the infection may affect anyone regardless of skin color. Each person’s spots are normally just one color. The spotted skin can be scaly. Although it is not common, the skin can be itchy, especially when it is hot.
This fungal infection is most common in humid, warm temperatures, and normally affects the:
- Back
- Neck
- Chest
- Upper arms
Other things which can increase the chance of getting tinea versicolor include:
- Have an immune system which is impaired which may occur during pregnancy or from some other illnesses
- Using some medicines such as corticosteroids, birth control pills or antibiotics
- Less likely to occur as you age, when the skin starts becoming less oily
When to See the Doctor?
An individual should see the doctor if:
- The skin does not improve with measures of self-care
- The fungal infection returns
- The patches cover areas of your body which are large
Your physician can usually tell if you have tinea versicolor just by examining the spots. She or he can look at a sample or scraping of the skin which is infected under a microscope.
Tinea Versicolor Causes
Healthy skin may normally have this fungus which causes this disorder growing in areas where hair follicles are opening onto the skin’s surface. Tinea versicolor normally occurs when this fungus for some reason becomes overgrown. There are numerous factors which can trigger this overgrowth, including:
- Humid, hot weather
- Oily skin
- Sweating excessively
- Hormonal changes
- Immunosuppression – when the immune system is not able to protect the body from this growth of fungus or yeast on the skin or elsewhere.
Tinea Versicolor Treatment
This infection is usually easy to treat with skin creams, solutions or shampoos. But not everyone chooses to get treatment.
If this infection is severe or if it covers very large areas of the body, does not get better with skin care or returns often, your primary care physician can prescribe pills which are antifungal. These antifungal pills may not be taken by some individuals, especially those with heart or liver conditions. You can get your blood tested so that your physician can make certain that your liver or kidneys are functioning properly.
Medications
Some medications used for tinea versicolor treatment include:
http://www.Symptoms-Causes-treatment.blogspot.com detect diseases at an early stage symptoms, and find out the causes and treatments best suited.
Topical
- Selenium sulfide 2.5% lotion
- Ciclopirox (Loprox) cream, lotion or gel
- Ketoconazole (Nizoral) shampoo or cream
Oral
- Ketoconazole (Nizoral) tablets
- Itraconazole (Sporanox) capsules
- Fluconazole (Difucan) tablets
Even if the treatment is successful, the skin color can remain uneven for many weeks, or even months. And, the condition can return when the weather gets humid or warm. In really persistent cases, there is the possibility that the individual will need to take medication once or twice a month to prevent the fungal infection from returning.
For cases of tinea versicolor which are very mild, an individual can apply OTC or over the counter antifungal lotion, ointment, shampoo or cream. The majority of fungal infections respond well to topical agents, which include:
- Selenium sulfide shampoo – (Selsun Blue)
- Miconazole (Monistat-Derm)
- Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
- Terbinafine (Lasmisil)
Wash and dry the area which is affected. Then, apply a very thin layer of the topical agent once or twice a day for at the least – 2 weeks. If you are using the shampoo, leave it in for 5 to 10 minutes before rinsing it out. If there is no improvement after 4 weeks, see your primary care physician as you may need stronger medication.
Tinea Versicolor Natural Treatments
There also are quite a few natural treatments for tinea versicolor that can be prepared at home. These treatments for tinea versicolor are particularly gentle and also well help to revitalize the skin. It has been suggested that several of these be used as a regular skin program.
You may make a body scrub which is homemade by grinding lightly about a handful of rice which is unpolished so that will create flour which is coarse. You then add several spoons of tomato juice which is fresh to this flour until a paste is made. Shower as normal and then use this special paste to apply all over the areas of the skin which are affected. Leave the paste to stay on the skin for 5 minutes and massage gently into the skin. Because tomato juice is acidic it prevents the fungus from spreading. The flour from the rice contains many nutrients which are considered important for healthy skin and since it is also coarse it serves as an exfoliating agent. You can also apply vinegar made from apple cider as this vinegar is also acidic and provides an environment which is hostile for fungus to grow and therefore aids in controlling the spreading of the condition. While treating this condition using home treatments, it is very significant that you remember it will probably take some time for the skin top to recover its unique color.
Oil from a tea tree is an extremely powerful fungicide and there are quite a few “tea tree oil” treatments which you may use to care for this condition. It’s essential to dilute this “tea tree oil” with carrier oil prior to using it since “tea tree oil” is vital oil and has extremely sturdy natural composites. You should mix identical quantities of sweet almond oil, tea tree oil as well as olive oil and use the blend of oils following a shower rather than a moisturizing cream.
Prevention of Tinea Versicolor
Evade using oily products or oil on the skin or wear restrictive, tight or clothes which are non-ventilating. Exposure to the sun will make the infection more evident.
To help to avert tinea versicolor from reoccurring, your primary care physician may prescribe an oral or topical treatment which can be taken 1 or 2 times a month. Other treatments for prevention include:
- Selenium sulfide (Selsun) lotion applied to areas every 2 to 3 weeks
- Itraconazole (Sporanox) capsules once a month
- Ketoconazole (Nizoral) tablets once a month
Tanning will cause the condition to become more obvious as it should be avoided so that the change in color of the skin will be less obvious.
Some physicians believe fungi can remain in clothing and can cause this infection to return. Normal cleaning and washing is usually effective in ridding the clothes of the fungi. But if the tinea versicolor is persistent, it is possible that you need to dry-clean the clothes or wash them in extremely hot water.
It is also believe that eating a healthy and balanced diet will also help to avert the returning of tinea versicolor. This diet contains foods which are very fresh and it is best to steer clear of foods which are processed as much as possible. Junk foods as well as fried foods can exacerbate these skin problems and so it is best to pass up them totally until the skin has healed totally.
This diet should also include raw vegetables, raw fruits as well as whole grains. This reinforces the immune structure by containing antioxidants. Excellent sources of antioxidants include tomatoes, citrus fruits as well as grapes. These foods also are rich in many vitamins.
Also include fermented lactic acid food such as yogurt as it has acidophilus which aids in keeping bacteria levels in balance and also aids in preventing infections to spread.
This diet should also avoid white flour as well as sugar. Pastries as well as cakes need to be completely avoided. Garlic is good for antifungal agent.
Tinea Versicolor Pictures
Pictures of Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Versicolor on arms
Tinea Versicolor on back
on chest
on face
Tinea Versicolor on neck
on Scalp
on shoulders
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