Bugs that look like bed bugs

Bugs that look like bed bugs
Bed bugs are tiny insects which feed on human and animal blood and using this blood they grow and reproduce. These are incapable of distinguishing between dirty and clean homes and can occupy beds/homes of anyone. Bed bugs can also feed on animals such as cats, dogs and other pets.

Bed bugs are commonly found in areas where people sit, sleep or rest for longer time periods. Hungry bed bugs tend to move from their hiding places to reach out to humans through exposed skin. Bed bugs mostly bite on hands, legs, arms, head and neck.

Adult bed bugs have oval shape, are flattened, brown in color and are wingless having size of 5 to 9 mm. They look much like wood tick. Once these bug takes blood, its color change from brown to red or purplish red. Also it becomes larger after feeding and develops cigar shape. Young bed bugs are smaller in size, generally 1.6mm in size at the time of first hatching and are almost colorless if they have not fed.

Here are some common bugs which look like bed bugs and these are the bugs which are commonly mistaken for bed bugs.

1. Spider Beetle: The size of adult spider beetle ranges from 1.5 to 4 millimeters. Its color ranges from black to dark reddish-brown with a shiny round abdomen. They are in the shape and size of fleas, oval and are dark brown in color. Spider beetle feed on several goods that are commonly found in household pantries. They have a similar characteristic like bed bug that forage usually during night or in dark places. Spider Beetle can also be present in places like cracks, crevices, attics and within walls. These are not the blood suckers.

 

2. Cockroach Nymphs: Like all cockroaches, the cockroach nymph likes to live at the places having food, warmth and moisture. They usually hide in cracks and crevices which are active during night time while aggressively searching for water and food. Cockroach nymphs are big enough to be seen by human eye clearly but after hatching or molting they are white and later turn into reddish-brown. There’s a difference in the shape with cockroach nymph being cylindrical in shape and bed bug having a short, oval or apple-seed shape. Exposure to cockroach nymphs can cause asthma and therefore trigger asthma attacks.

 

3. Booklice: These are found in a variety of color rangingfrom gray to translucent white or brown. Booklice are found in furniture, wallpaper, on window sills and along the sides of windows or in the highly humid areas. Booklice are much smaller in size than bed bugs and their size ranges from 1-1.5 mm. Booklice feed on cereals, pollen, fungi and fragments of dead insects.

 

4. Carpet Beetles: There are three common species namely: furniture carpet beetle, black carpet and common carnet. All these species are nearly 3 mm in length and may cause harm to the furniture, fabric, clothing and carpeting which have natural animal fiber. Carpet Beetles prefer to live in rodent, insect and bird nests and can very easily enter indoors. The color of these bugs varies depending upon the type of specie. Carpet Beetles do not bite but people who easily develop allergies can get welts on exposure to their tiny hairs.

 

5. Bat Bugs: Bat bugs closely look similar to bed bugs and it becomes very hard to distinguish between bat bugs and bed bugs. The main difference which can help establish the difference between these two bugs is the length of fringe hairs on pronotum (a segment just below the head of bug). Fringe hairs are longer in bat bugs than bed bugs. Like bed bugs, bat bugs also feed on blood, mainly the blood of bats and are mostly fund in attics or near bats or bird nests. In case when there’s no bird or bat in the surrounding, they tend to occupy places such as mattresses and bed frames and as such they will bite humans. Bat bugs are also found on ceilings and these are some of the reasons that people mistake them for bed bugs.

 

6. Poultry bug: Also known as Mexican chicken bug, have similar appearance like bed bug. They feed mainly on poultry farms and are the parasites of birds and domestic bird like eagles, hawks and turkey. On the other hand, bed bugs live on human blood but they also have a choice of feeding on warm-blooded animals.

 

7. Barn swallow bugs: They look like bed bugs and have almost same color and size except that swallow bugs have long, silky hair. Barn swallow bugs dwell in the nests of cliff swallows and tend to shift in human live-ins when birds migrate. Swallow bugs breed during summer season and have ability of surviving without the food for longer span by remaining semi dormant.

Sulfur Burps

Sulfur Burps
Burping refers to releasing air and other gases from the stomach through mouth. Sulfur burps are a kind of burp which smells like rotten eggs or sulfur. This smell is because of the hydrogen sulfide gas which sulfur proteins contain. Sulfur proteins are found in some foods and are expelled when sulfur reducing microbes break them down in small intestine or stomach.

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Causes of sulfur burps

There are a number of causes of sulfur burps, some of which are listed here:

• Medical: Helicobacter Pylori or Giardia are some of the most common cause of getting sulfur burps. Helicobacter Pylori is a bacteria that causes gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis, heartburn, burping and abdominal bloating. It is diagnosed with the urea breath test and its common treatment is using antibiotics. Giardia is one cell parasite and causes foul-smelling burps, diarrhea and bloating. Generally these infections enter into the body due to poor hygiene, oral-fecal transmissions and also unclean water resources.


• Food: Sulfur is present in foods such as red meats, poultry, milk and other dairy products, avocadoes, watermelon, bananas, seeds, nuts, grain, amino, tea, coffee, amino acids whey proteins, Vitamins B1 and Vitamin H. Sulfur is also present in vegetables like broccoli, yams, asparagus, watercress, mustard, onions, cabbage, pack choi, parsley, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and Swiss chard. Legumes including peas, soy, beans, lentils, carob, jicama and alfalfa also contain sulfur. When stomach takes comparatively longer time to process and release high protein meal then it causes acidity and body feels bloated. This continues as long as hydrogen sulfide and protein isn’t expelled.


• Prescription medication: There are many prescription medications which cause sulfur burps. The prescription label has the list of all the ingredients it contains. If the medicine you had contains sulfur, then it is the probable cause of sulfur burps.


• Other diseases: Small intestinal bacterial growth is another cause of getting sulfur burps. This is the condition when intestinal bacteria grows too much and cause bloating, diarrhea, flatulence and burping. Fructose malabsorption and lactose intolerance are also the sources of SIBO. Also in diseases like celiac disease and Crohn’s disease, it is most likely that food is not digested completely and is broken down by sulfur reducing bacteria that produces hydrogen sulfide.


• Other causes: Another common cause of sulfur burps is empty colon which in turn may be a result of Irritable bowel syndrome. Treatment is easily available for IBS and keeps these symptoms under control. Anyone having gall bladder problems or those not having gall bladder may also experience sulfur burps. Stress is also a known reason to cause sulfur burps along with other conditions like hernia and acid reflux.

Symptoms

An obvious symptom of sulfur burps is getting burps which give smell like sulfur or rotten eggs. Sulfur burps are mostly accompanied by pain, fatigue and nausea. In most of the cases, people develop light symptoms including sulfur burps, vomiting, nausea, heavy fatigue, constipation along with diarrhea and lower left stomach cramps.

Sometimes it may take long to diagnose the accurate reason of getting sulfur burps. The doctor may ask to take up variety of medical tests and procedures for its diagnosis. Generally the diagnosis begins with conducting a colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy to find out abnormalities. In other cases, diagnosis may start with testing for parasites which may be a causing sulfur burps and can be treated with medication within few weeks. The doctor may also want to conduct tests for acid reflux and may also want to check GI scopes.

How to get rid of sulfur burps

If sulfur burps are likely to be caused due to poor eating habits, consuming certain medications or intestinal infection caused along with vomiting and diarrhea then it is important to seek medical attention. However if these conditions are not accompanied by nausea and diarrhea, then simple home remedies will work to get rid of the sulfur burps. These remedies include avoiding beverages and carbonated drinks.

Some common food recommended to help get rid of sulfur burps are having plenty of fruits and fresh vegetables. Avoid consuming foods and food products like cakes, candies and ice cream. One should also reduce smoking habits and do not drink alcohol in excess. High protein diets should also be avoided.

Best remedies to cure sulfur burps

• Take foods rich in fiber as fibrous food helps push the food left in stomach and intestine out of the body. Fresh fruits and salads best serve the purpose.


• Avoid consuming food with lot of sugar in them because such food builds up gas in the stomach. Avoid desserts, candies, ice creams and other foods that are too sweet.


• Avoid consuming too much alcohol as it causes sulfur burps.


• High protein diet like eggs and poultry increase stress on gastrointestinal tract so reduce your intake of such foods.


• Tale herbal teas, fruit juices and fluids as they clean the organs and helps get rid of the foul smelling burps.

Pyogenic Granuloma

Pyogenic Granuloma
Also known as Granuloma Telangiectaticum, pyogenicgranuloma is a type of skin infection wherein patients suffer from the formation of bumpy reddish lumps. They appear like raw meat that has been chopped into pieces, or like raspberry. It is a harmless condition, but occasionally it can result in excessive bleeding and discomfort.

Medical experts consider pyogenic granuloma as an oral condition which arises due to overgrowth of tissues resulting from irritation, hormonal alterations, or physical injury. These then affect the nasal pathways and the skin, and on occasions other body areas such as the thighs.

Pyogenicgranuloma was discovered by two French surgeons, Dor and Poncet, in the year 1987. Upon discovery they named it botryomycosis hominis. When studied, medical students will realize that the term pyogenic granuloma is not ideal for the disease as the anomaly is not an original form of granuloma.Capillary hemangioma of the lobular subtype is what causes the bleeding. Also, it cannot be pyogenic because the original forms are typically painless and non-infectious.

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Symptoms of pyogenic granuloma

A few common signs and symptoms of pyogenic granuloma are listed below:

• Pyogenic granuloma lesions are generally smooth and tend to grow rapidly. They may experience bleeding even with minor or nil trauma. Lesions occurring in regions prone to irritation can be painful, otherwise they typically cause pain for a short period.


• The colors tend to vary constantly; they can alternate between being pinkish, purplish, or reddish. Newly developed pyogenic granuloma lesions contain a lot of blood vessels and hence are mostly reddish in color. With the passage of time they turn a shade of pink.


• The lesions can differ in size, measuring anywhere between 2 mm and 2 cm diametrically. Sometimes, it can also grow as large as 5 cm.


• Common areas that are affected include the tongue, lips, and insides of the cheeks.


• The gingival also tends to get affected, leading to the formation of two gingival diseases, i.e., peripheral ossifying fibroma and peripheral giant cell granuloma.


• The surface of pyogenic granuloma lesions may experience ulceration or inflammation.


• Women may develop the lesions during the first month of pregnancy. It tends to aggravate and spread till the 7th month. The condition typically occurs in anterior part of the nasal septum in expectant women, resulting in chronic nasal bleeding.


• In rare instances, mild injuries can result in corneal lesions, or affect the conjunctiva or connective tissues in the eye. Such lesions are appear similar to those affecting other parts of the body.

Causes of pyogenic granuloma

Doctors are not aware about the exact cause of pyogenic granuloma. Some of the risk factors which can increase the susceptibility towards developingpyogenic granuloma infections are listed below:

• One of the most common causes of pyogenic granuloma lesions is infection by the staphylococccus aureus bacterium.


• Although yet to be medically proved, viral infections are also thought to be causative factors.


• Minor injuries or physical trauma such as a needle or pin prick.


• On occasions, defects or abnormalities in varied blood vessels can also give rise to pyogenic granuloma lesions in that affected region of the body.


• Adolescents, children, and women are more vulnerable than men.


• Because of hormonal causes, pregnant women may also get affected. The risk is however rare and often occurs due to previous use of birth control pills.


• Poor oral hygiene or elevated stress can contribute towards formation of pyogenic granuloma lesions.


• The skin anomalies can also form due to use of medications like protease inhibitors or systemic retinoids.

Treatment

If pyogenic granuloma lesions are caused due to intake of certain medicines, then patients need to consult a doctor for alternative drugs. The lesions will vanish after stopping the use of the culprit drug.

In expectant women, pyogenic granuloma lesions fade away on their own after childbirth. Pregnant women are therefore suggested to wait it out rather than opt for treatment as it can result in pregnancy complications.

Besides the above mentioned two scenarios, pyogenic granuloma can be treated in the below listed ways:

• Laser therapy can be used to burn the lesions and thus destroy them. Pulse dye laser treatment option is typically used for contracting tiny lesions.


• The most effective method to eliminate pyogenic granuloma in children is via a procedure called imiquimod.


• Doctors may also opt for another medical procedure called curettage and cauterization. The treatment involves scrapping-off of the anomalous skin with the help of a sharp medical tool called a curette. Later, the blood vessels that supply blood to the lesions are cauterized to decrease the risk of recurrences.


• Cryosurgery is another effective method, wherein liquid nitrogen is used to freeze and destroy the lesions.


• Pyogenic granuloma lesions thrive on the ample supply of blood by the vessels occurring deep within the skin. Surgical excision of the entire region is therefore often recommended by doctors. In this method, the affected area is cut out, and then sutured and bandaged to prevent infections.

 Pyogenic Granuloma pictures

White Patches on Skin

White Patches on Skin
White patches on skin are common medical anomalies. These may occur due to various factors ranging from nutritional deficiency to fungal infection. Though ‘white patches on skin’ is not a serious issue it should be checked by a doctor. Diagnosis of these patches would help to understand the cause. Obtaining treatment through certified doctor would also help in alleviating the symptoms of the condition. White patches on the skin are sometimes referred to as vitiligo. This type of patches can appear on body regions such as arms, feet, facial skin, lips, etc. It is believed that the lack of melanin functioning is what causes such white patches to appear on the skin.  Depending on the cause of the condition, treatment for the dermatologic irregularity can be suggested by a doctor.

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White patches on skin due to dermatological issues

Psoriasis and eczema are among the common conditions that causes white spots on the skin. In case of psoriasis the occurring spots are often reddish appearing and may be covered with silver scaly layer which makes them appear whitish. It is recorded that people who suffer from psoriasis also have medical history of outbreak of this condition or have family history of the issue. Eczema is another dermatologic irregularity which may affect anyone. However, it is commonly recorded in individuals with asthma and allergy.  Eczema often causes rashes which appear scaly. These rashes may change color and turn into white patches. Sometimes it may be difficult to distinguish between eczema and psoriasis.’

Fungal infection associated white patches on skin

Fungal infection is another medical anomaly that can manifest into skin anomalies. One of the common conditions caused due to fungus infection is Tinea Versicolor.  The white patches that occur due to tinea versicolor are usually seen on the back and torso, particularly the chest region. These patches may become prominent due to suntan. If the skin is not tanned then these patches may appear to be light brown or pinkish in color. It is studied that fungus that causes tinea versicolor may colonize the skin. This means that the fungus may not cause infection but just dwell on the surface of the skin. However, there are certain factors such as hormonal changes, excessive sweating, reduced immunity, etc, that may cause the condition. The condition is often treated using oral or topical anti-fungal medicines.

 Depigmentation related White patches

Though white patches are sometimes called vitiligo they may also be manifestation of the condition. In this condition the skin loses its pigment at some regions causing white patches to appear. One of such conditions is Nevus Depigmentosus. The actual cause of Vitiligo is not confirmedly determined yet, but experts assume that this condition can be an autoimmune irregularity. There is no treatment that can cure this dermatologic problem. However, there are certain treatments that can help in reducing the condition and improve its appearance. These treatments are said to be expensive and may take some time to show results.

 White patches due to deficiency of vitamin

B12 vitamin deficiency can also lead to white patches appearing on skin. Deficiency of B12 vitamin is common in people suffering with pernicious anemia but it is not limited to such individuals. Even long term vegans may suffer from lack of essential vitamins. Drastic depletion of B12 vitamin may also lead to serious neurological consequences. Hence, if you suffer from white patches it is wise to get yourself diagnosed for vitamin deficiency. This is just one possible cause of white patches on skin; hence, while getting diagnosed bear this as one of the possibilities but go for a comprehensive diagnosis as suggested by doctor.

 Lichen Sclerosis

This is medical anomaly which is rarely recorded. The condition is primarily characterized by thin patchy layer of white skin. Though it can affect any body part it is mostly seen at anal or genital region. Lichen Sclerosis is said to be common in women in their post-menopausal period.

Treatment

In mild cases some white spots may ebb away without medical intervention. White patches on skin treatment would greatly depend and vary according to the cause of the condition. For example, if vitiligo is diagnosed as the cause of the condition then treatment is not really necessary. Nevertheless, using cosmetic creams and sunscreen lotions can help in improving skin appearance. People who have fairer skin complexion should avoid tanning as it may only make these patches prominent. In serious cosmetic concerns surgery may be suggested.

If these white spots are determined to be caused by fungal infection such as Tinea Versicolor, then your doctor will probably suggested medicines such as topical anti-fungal creams. He may also prescribed oral antifungal medicines such as Sporanox or Nizoral. In case deficiency of vitamin B12 is causing appearance of white regions on skin then taking vitamin supplements would help. Remember that in any case, it is better to take these medicines according to doctor’s instruction. Voluntary use of these drugs may cause side-effects.

ESBL in Urine

ESBL in Urine
ESBL means – ‘Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases’. ESBLs are bacteria which produce an enzyme -  also called ESBL. This enzyme make the bacteria immune to antibiotics. ESBLs can live in the bowel for many years without affecting the person at all. Though, it causes infections as well in some cases. When the person is low on immunity like- cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, then these bacteria attack the patients body. The infection is difficult to treat because the bacteria is resistant to common antibiotics. Early detection of the infection is important so that bacteria can be removed before they make a colony in the bowel. An infected person can spread the disease to others.

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Causes of ESBL in Urine

Following people are infected with ESBL-

1.            Those who have taken lots of antibiotics due to some disease. The reason is that the bacteria are attracted to antibiotics and ESBL have a tendency to quickly develop resistance to the medicine so that it does not work anymore.

2.            It is contagious and hence can be transferred to any person who comes in contact with the infected person or his/her personal belongings. It spreads in hospitals by touching the bed rails, equipment or using the toilet of the infected person.

Precautions

Mostly the bacteria affects the following parts-

• Respiratory tract


• Intestines


• Urinary tract

Urinary Tract Infection or UTI is become very common these days. Following precautions can be helpful-

1.)                Keep your hands clean. Wash them often.

2.)                In Hospitals, the staff must wear gloves and apron. This infection is very common in hospitals. Patients suffering from diarrhea increases the risk factor of spreading the infection.

3.)                Patients suffering from ESBL infection must be isolated in hospitals.

4.)                Visitors must be given prior instructions to prevent from any such infection.

Risk Factors

People have UTIs when they have a history of recurring UTIs due to ESBL, cognitive impairment, improper nutrition, weak immune system or other diseases.

The presence of ESBL in urine leads to Urinary tract infection which is very much prevalent these days. It is because of the improper hygiene in the localities. This occurs especially in hospitals due to absence of isolation for already infected patients. It is highly contagious and hence extra care is important.

Symptoms

Symptoms of UTI due to ESBL may include any of the following-

• Pain and burning sensation while urination.


• Nausea and Vomiting


• Slight Fever


• Pain in abdomen


• Loss of appetite


• Uneasiness due to frequent Urination

Diagnosis

• Urine Test , Blood Test


• Swab of Throat or Rectum

These samples are tested for the presence of bacteria. Then the type of the bacteria is determined.

ESBLs are gram negative bacteria. UTIs are mainly caused by – E.Coli.

Treatment

Since the bacteria- ESBL are resistant to most of the antibiotics, the doctors will have to plan out the course of treatment for the type of bacteria that attacked. Few antibiotics may work to subside the infection.

Also, It is important to take stringent steps to avoid the spread of this infections.

Hand Washing, Isolation, wearing gloves and apron are few very important points to keep in mind.

Usually in 80%-85% cases the microbe is E.Coli when there is UTI by ESBL. So in such a case the treatment is easy and simple. Short Therapy courses cure the problem in 3-4 days only. But if the cause is some other complicated microbe then it takes time to detect which antibiotic must be given and which is to be deferred. Administering wrong antibiotics may attract more microbes to form colonies in the gut.

So, Proper tests are a precursor to start any treatment.

In some cases, E.coli is multi-drug resistant and then the treatment may go for as long as 5-6 months.

As we recover from ESBL infection, we may still have ESBL bacteria in the bowel, urinary tracts etc.

We must keep a check on that. Antibiotics must be taken with care as they may attract more ESBL in the body.

People carry the ESBL for many years without any infection. Generally, people with weak immunity are affected. Most Children are found to carry ESBL and hence parents must regularly check for any infection. Hospitals must incorporate methods for immediate isolation of ESBL infected person and announce for proper precautions to be taken by the whole staff. We must Keep the hands and clothes clean.

Keep away from possible places of infection like Hospitals.There is an alarming need of oral antibiotics for the treatment of complicated UTIs and develop new treatment methods  as the ESBLs may become resistant to the newer antibiotics as well.

Carbapenem- An intravenously administered drug used against ESBL infection is losing its effect as the bacteria are found to have become resistant to it. Earlier, It was one of the best methods of treatment. Fosfomycin, and tigecycline are two new drugs with a good success rate in fighting against a certain kind of ESBL infection. ESBL may be present in Urine, Bowel, respiratory tract or on the skin.

Excessive Flatulence

Excessive Flatulence
Excessive Flatulence is commonly known as ‘Farting’. This problem is extremely embarrassing for all those who suffer from it. It occurs mostly due to gases generated in intestine due to improper food digestion. This gas is released through the anus resulting in a flatus or fart. In some cases gas is also present in the gut because we swallow the environmental air. Flatology is the term coined for the study of medicines for this problem. Amount and frequency of flatus released is different among different persons. The awkward sound associated while releasing the gas is generally due to anal sphincters and closed buttocks which is the major cause of embarrassment and at the same time major cause of comedy for all others who witness such a situation.

What Causes Excessive Flatulence

Everybody passes gas. Some may do it frequently but without sounds while some may do it very less but always with sounds or vice versa. Let us see some reasons-

• Swallowing Environmental Air- Either it is burped out or released as a Fart. Excessive swallowed air in the gut may also lead to hiccups.


• Undigested Food- Some foods are difficult to digest for some people’s body or for all. This undigested food starts to rot in the intestine and ultimately decomposed by intestinal bacteria to form gas. This gas reaches the rectal tract and is then released out from the rectum to produce foul odor. It is usually sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide.


• Constipation- It increases small amount of gas but usually it leads to bloating. In Bloating the abdomen swells and the person feels a little pain and full at stomach due to the tightness.


• Medicines and supplements for diet may lead to gas as well as bloating.


• Bloating, flatulence and upsetting of stomach is common in women right before their periods. This happens due to changes in hormonal level. Water retention occurs in the body at this time which is confused with gas. Gas occurs but that is due upset stomach.


• Crohn’s disease may lead to gas. In this disease ulcers occur in the deep linings of digestive tract. Diarrhea, fever, improper digestion etc. are common problems caused by the disease.


• Bowel Obstruction is another disease where in digestive tract has blockages. It leads to bloating, vomiting, cramping in abdomen, gas etc. The gas is not able to get released out of the gut and causes more pain.

Preventive Measures

Changing the diet definitely relieves one from excessive gas. Though there are medicines and treatments available but altering the diet is one of the most helpful measure that one can follow for improvements.

Following food items should be avoided-

• Cabbage, Cauliflower, peas, radishes, raw potatoes, asparagus etc.


• Legumes like- lentils, beans, pulses etc.


• Many Fruits are responsible for gas such as- melons, peach, apples, bananas etc. They cause less problems though.


• Lactose intolerant people must avoid dairy products else excessive flatulence will be the immediate result after lactose consumption.


• Packaged food having lactose should also be avoided.


• Beano is Dietary supplement which helps in preventing formation of gas.

Simethicon is a compound which is present in most of the medicines helpful in relief from gas. It cures excessive gas, bloating etc. It basically breaks the gas bubbles in the digestive tract.

As we age, the power of digestive system grow weaker and the problem of flatulence increases. We must avoid beans and dairy products at such an age when we go for little or no exercise and feel weak at gut because these two products are famous for producing gas in the intestine.

Funny Myths Related to Flatulence

• Flatulence was considered to be the source of methane gas. It was thought that cattle release methane on flatulence but this is not true. 20-25% methane is  supposed to be released by cattle out of which 90-93% is through burping.


• Lighting a match reduce the flatulence odor which is absolutely false.

In New Zealand, there is a large amount of agricultural production and the cattle release a big volume of methane through burping(mainly) and flatulence. Methane is a greenhouse gas and this much amount of gas has a large impact on the environment. So, the government had once proposed for a Flatulence Tax. It was not successful and later on a method was developed to harvest that methane and convert it into bio-gas.

So, Flatulence or farting is basically the result of undigested food in the intestine and swallowing of environmental air. The former happens when the intestine lacks the enzymes needed to break down every kind of sugar(carbohydrates, lactose etc.), fat etc. due to which undigested food in the large intestine is decomposed by bacteria to produce foul gases like- methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide etc. The later happens mostly due to fast eating and drinking and this gas is generally released through burping.

This Problem can be solved by taking care of what you eat, in how much amount and at what time of the day. Have small meals in short intervals and eat light food at night. This is one of the basic tips to be followed.

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis is a rare skin-disease in which a flesh eating bacteria attacks the deep skin layers and destroys the skin cells. The disease occurs mainly in those who have weak immune system for example the ones who are suffering from cancer or diabetes. This is a chronic disease which spreads very fast once attacked by the microbes. It is treated with intravenous antibiotics along with surgical removal of the dead and damaged skin. In some cases, organ failure may also occur.

Affected Body Parts - It is infrequent and may attack any part of the body but it mainly affects the following body part-

• Fascial planes- these are connective tissues which covers muscles, blood vessels and nerves. It helps in binding the body structures together so that they can easily move over each other. This disease leads to destruction of the whole connected tissue structure and hence the disease spreads rapidly.

People Under Risk -  Those people are under risk who have-

• Weak immune system


• Serious disease of liver or kidney, cancer and diabetes.


• Wounds or cuts in skin.


• Rashes due to chicken pox or Viral fever.


• Under medications which weakens the body.

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Causes of Necrotizing Fasciitis

It is mainly caused by bacteria. Rare cases of fungal infection have also been reported. Following are the micro-organisms-

• Type I, or polymicrobial


• Type II, or group A streptococcal and Staphylococcus – Group A – Streptococcus and Staphylococcus are two strains of bacteria which cause the infection. Sometimes only these microbes attack and in some cases different bacteria are involved.


• Type III gas gangrene, or clostridial myonecrosis – Clostridium bacteria is the cause whenever gas is found in the affected tissue.

E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, etc. are some other bacteria which leads to the inflammatory disease. As per many investigations it has been found that anaerobic bacteria damage the tissue areas and leave them hypoxic i.e. reduced amount of oxygen is left near that part of the skin. They survive better in that situation and spread the infection more rapidly.

Vibrio vulnificus is a bacteria which is responsible for the infection when someone consumes infected seafood or catches a wound in seawater.

Some other forms of bacteria are also there which causes the disease and in sometimes it is difficult to treat. According to a source, a 25 year old lady in U.S. caught the infected due to a wound and she had to get her leg amputated. Even after that there were complications as the bacteria had entered the bloodstream.

How does the bacteria infect?

• They produce toxins which weakens the immunity of the body.


• Damage tissues and/or leads to tissue hypoxia(oxygen reduction).


• The disease is not contagious but the bacteria are! If a person on whom the bacteria is inhabiting comes in contact with another person who is having a cut or bruise then he/she also gets infected.


• Symptoms/Signs-


• It usually starts with some wound or cuts and this wound doesn’t get healed as soon as a small would must.


• The infected skin show redness and gets swollen.


• Infected part of skin becomes very sensitive and pains a lot.


• Fever and chills.


• Early symptoms looks like that of cellulitis i.e. inflammation at a localized area of connected tissues.


• Later on, skin ulcers, blisters formations, necrotic black scars, gas in the tissues(caused by Clostridium).


• Fluid drainage is very common. It occurs as soon as the infection increases.


• Septic may also occur. It worsens the condition. The person may die as well. Since, the infection reaches the bloodstream due to septic, even after removing the infected part the problem doesn’t get solved.

Treatment

• Immediate hospitalization on confirmation of the disease.


• Intravenous antibiotics are given immediately as per the type of the bacteria that attacked. Some doctors believe in giving many different types of bacteria to avoid any kind of risk.


• Simultaneously, the sample of infected tissue is investigated to find out hat types of bacteria or other microbes are involved so that proper medicines can be suggested.


• A surgeon is consulted afterwards for debridement i.e. surgical removal of infected skin. Morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early help of a surgeon. On the basis of the infected part of the body, a surgeon must be consulted.


• Tests must be regularly done to check the level of infection. For septic and organ failure, immediate treatment must be provided.

Preventive Measures

• Good Hygiene.


• Diabetic, cancer patients etc. must be extra careful when injured or wounded.


• Keep away from people who carry MRSA.


• People suffering from liver infection must avoid seafood. Also, they should not go in seawater in case they are wounded or they have cuts.


• Physicians must also used sterilized techniques for treatment of already diseased and immuno-suppressed patients.


• Keep away from infected people.


• Regularly wash hands and keep yourself clean. Avoid junk food.

Preventive steps must be followed as this disease is lethal. It is extremely painful with extremely difficult treatment. A person may lose the body parts as well or in some cases he/she may die.

Necrotizing Fasciitis Pictures