Causes of Peritonitis | Peritonitis Organisms and Peritonitis Bacteria

Causes of Peritonitis | Peritonitis Organisms and Peritonitis Bacteria .

What Causes Peritonitis

Peritoneum is a single layer of flat mesothelial cells resting on a layer of fibro-elastic tissue containing macrophages, fat cells and some collagen and elastic fibers. There are certain factors which cause diffuse peritonitis. Peritonitis can be localized or diffuse (all over) in origin and factors causing it vary accordingly.

Causes of Peritonitis

Ingestion of food or even water stimulates peristaltic activity which helps in spreading of the peritonitis. Administration of purgative or enema also helps in the similar fashion.

Sometimes a hallow viscus suddenly perforate without giving an opportunity to the nature to localize peritonitis.

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Such cases are seen in case of peptic ulcer perforation or perforation of inflamed appendix.

When the virulence of the organism is so great that localization becomes impossible.

In children localization is less evident due to small omentum, which cannot reach any part of the abdomen to wrap up the inflamed organ.

Rough handling helps in spreading peritonitis.

When there is deficiency of the immune mechanism e.g. in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or when the patient is on steroids.

Peritonitis Organisms

• A mixed or poly-microbial bacterial flora usually is present in patients suffering from suppurative (pus) peritonitis.
  
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• The most common offending organisms are E. coli, anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic and aerobic streptococci, enterococci and clostridia.
• Less frequently streptococci and Klebsiella pneumonia may be seen.

Peritonitis Bacteria

Routes of bacterial invasion

• Direct invasion either due to

Penetrating injury of the abdomen

Perforation of some part of the gastrointestinal tract

Insertion of foreign material, drain, dialysis tube etc.

• Local extension from

A neighborhood inflamed organ e.g. cholecystitis, appendicitis etc.

Migration through the devitalized gut wall e.g. strangulated hernia.

Via the fallopian tubes.

• Through blood stream e.g. general septicemia.

Peritoneum heals very rapidly following injury. Even large defects can be restored within a matter of hours.