Complications of Hemorrhoid | Symptoms of External and Internal Hemorrhoid

Complications of Hemorrhoid | Symptoms of External and Internal Hemorrhoid .

Complications and Symptoms of Hemorrhoid

The two main complications of hemorrhoids are excessive bleeding and thrombosis besides these there are few complications which occur in a hemorrhoid and are described below.

• Bleeding- this is the main symptom of hemorrhoid particularly in first degree and early stage of the second degree. In 4th degree bleeding is not that profuse. A patient, with first degree hemorrhoid for quite a long time will become anemic. Bleeding usually occurs externally. Only when the bleeding hemorrhoid is retracted, it may bleed internally into the rectum.
• Thrombosis- external anal thrombosis is common and is often seen in patient who has no other stigmata of hemorrhoids.
  
  Posted by http://signs-causes-treatment-prevention.blogspot.com Prevention And Detection Of Diseases At An Early Stage When The First Signs To Get The Most Effective Treatment.
  
  The patient notices an acute swelling at the anal verge which is extremely painful. This possibly occurs due to high venous pressure during excessive straining efforts.Thrombosis of the internal hemorrhoid is comparatively rare. The affected hemorrhoid becomes dark purple or black and feels solid. The anal margin becomes edematous and there is severe anal pain. Pain may continue for a week or so until the edema subsides and the thrombosis is absorbed.Treatment is conservative in the beginning consisting of analgesic to relieve pain and mild laxative to  prevent constipation. Icepacks are of doubtful effect.
  
  Posted by http://signs-causes-treatment-prevention.blogspot.com Prevention And Detection Of Diseases At An Early Stage When The First Signs To Get The Most Effective Treatment.
  
  It symptoms persist after conservative management, surgery  may be needed. Surgery is hemorrhoidectomy.
• Strangulation- second degree hemorrhoids are more often affected by this condition. When the internal hemorrhoid prolapses and becomes gripped by external sphincter, further congestion occurs as the venous return becomes impeded and strangulation occurs. Strangulation is associated with considerable pain and it is often called ‘acute attack of piles’. Unless the internal hemorrhoid is reduced immediately strangulation is followed by thrombosis.
• Gangrene- it occurs only when the arterial supply of the hemorrhoid is somehow or the other constricted. Sloughing occurs which is usually superficial, but occasionally the whole hemorrhoid may slough off leaving an ulcer which gradually heals by itself. Very occasionally massive gangrene may initiate spreading anaerobic infection and portal pyaemia (septicemia in which secondary foci of suppuration occur and multiple abscesses are formed).
• Fibrosis- it usually follows thrombosis of the internal hemorrhoid. Fibrosis also follows transient strangulation. Fibrosis of external hemorrhoid is much more common than that of internal hemorrhoid. In the beginning, fibrosis is sessile, but by repeated traction during defecation it becomes pedunculated.
• Suppuration is very rare and only occurs as a result of infection of thrombosed hemorrhoid. Throbbing pain with swelling at the perianal region is the feature. Perianal or sub-mucous abscess may follow.
• Pyelephlebitis (portal pyaemia) – this is a theoretical entity and with advent of antibiotics this has considerably been reduced. This usually follows the infection and suppuration of the hemorrhoid, which ultimately causes portal pyaemia and liver abscesses.