Endocrine System Diseases List: Symptoms Of Endocrine System Disorders

Endocrine System Diseases List: Symptoms Of Endocrine System Disorders . Endocrinology is a branch of science that deals with the study of endocrine system in human body. Just like digestive system, respiratory system etc., endocrine system consists of glands located in different parts of the body. The main function of these glands is to produce hormones.

Hormones are type of chemicals that circulate in the blood stream. Hormones are very important in regulating various bodily functions, such as growth and development, breathing, balance of fluid in the body, control of weight, development of secondary sex characteristics in males and females, such as breast enlargement in female or semen production in males etc.

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List Of Endocrine Disorders And Diseases

Endocrine system diseases are diseases related to the endocrine glands. Malfunction of these glands results into various endocrine system diseases. As mentioned earlier, these glands are present in several parts of the body. The pituitary gland is located in the brain, the thyroid gland is located in the neck, the pancreas is present in the abdomen, adrenals in the kidney etc.

The most common endocrine system diseases are:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Hypothyroidism.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Acromegaly.
• Addison’s disease.
• Graves’s disease.
• Hashmoto’s thyroiditis.
• Prolactinoma.
• Goiter.
• Hypogonadism.
• Cryptorchism.

The endocrine system diseases have wide range of symptoms and they affect multiple organs of the body.

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The severity of endocrine system disease can be mild, moderate or severe. Treatment depends on individual disease, but often synthetic replacement of hormones is mainly used to balance the level in body.

Due to advancement in clinical endocrinology, isolation and synthesis of hormones or biologically active analogues, medical science has made many endocrine diseases eminently amenable to treatment.

Diseases Of The Endocrine System And Symptoms

The symptoms of endocrine system diseases can be mild to severe; in some cases the symptoms might not be perceptible at all. The symptoms relate to type of gland involved, they may affect certain functions of the body or the entire body.

Let us discuss most common endocrine diseases and their symptoms:

Diabetes symptoms: It is one of the most common diseases globally. It is the disorder caused due to malfunction of pancreas in the abdomen. The symptoms are,

• Excessive thirst.
• Excessive sweating.
• Frequent urination
• Excessive hunger.
• Loss of weight.
• Fatigue.
• Disturbance in vision.

Hyperthyroidism: the disorder is due to increased activity of the thyroid gland present in the neck. There is increased secretion of thyroid hormone T3 and T4. Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are:

• Unexplained diarrhea.
• Fatigue.
• Enlargement of thyroid gland also called goiter.
• Excessive weight loss.
• Tremors of fingers.
• Palpitation and rapid pulse.
• Intolerance to heat.
• Irritable
• Tired.

Hypothyroidism: it is also a problem related to thyroid gland, however in this disorder, there is decreased production of thyroid hormone TSH. Symptoms are,

• Unexplained weight gain.
• Intolerance to cold.
• Constipation.
• Dryness, dry hair and skin etc.
• Body ache
• Irregularity in menstruation.
• Slow pulse rate.
• Swollen ankle non pitting pressure.
• Swollen face.

Symptoms Of Endocrine Diseases

Addison’s disease: it is the disorder caused due to damage of the adrenal glands located above the kidney. There is insufficient production of adrenal hormones, cortisol and aldosterone in this disorder.

• Anorexia.
• Nausea.
• Constipation alternating with diarrhea.
• Pain in the abdomen with diarrhea.
• Increased skin pigmentation on exposed parts such as neck, face, back of hands, knuckles, elbows and knees, creases in palms.
• Fatigue.
• Craving for salt.
• Hypotension.
• Absence of menses.
• Loss of hair from armpit and pubic region.
• Headache.

Acromegaly: it is the disease of pituitary gland located in the brain. It produces excess of growth hormone. The condition is also referred as gigantism.

• Large hands and feet.
• Large lips, nose and lower jaw.
• Skin is thick and coarse.
• Enlarged tongue, lips and ears.
• Development of diabetes.
• Hypertension.
• Loss of libido.
• Deep voice.
• Fatigue.
• Headache.

Hypogonadism: testis fails to produce sperms and hormone androgen.

• If it occurs before puberty, there is failure of development of secondary sexual characteristics such as development of genitals, sperm production, and facial hairs.
• Fatigue.
• Loss of initiative and of sexual desire.
• Hot flushes.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: it is a autoimmune disease of thyroid gland. The symptoms are more or less similar to that of hypothyroidism.

• Dry hair and lips and skin.
• Constipation.
• Joint and muscles pain.
• Unexplained increase in weight.
• Menstrual irregularity.
• Slow pulse.
• Common in middle aged women.